ABSTRACT The agricultural sector is considered an important source of greenhouse gases, in which the coffee crop has an important contribution, participating in the dynamics of soil C and CO2 emissions. In this way, the aim of this study was to analyze and quantify CO2 emissions in different phenological phases in soil cultivated with conilon coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner), and compare it with CO2 flow in forest and pasture area. The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Area of the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil, in an experimental plot of 0.5 ha cultivated with conilon Vitória coffee clones. The quantification of soil CO2 flux was performed between July 2016 and June 2017, this period comprising all the seasons of the year, using in two rounds of ratings (day and night), with five replicates each. For comparison purposes, another measurement of the CO2 stream was conducted in June 2017 with an evaluation period of 24 h. The highest CO2 emission occurred during the harvest phases of the fruit (206.7 mg CO2 m-2 h-1). The lowest daily CO2 flow records were observed in the rest and flowering phases with values of 82.1 and 83.6 CO2 mg m-2 h-1, respectively. The CO2 emission from the forest was higher than the emissions that occurred in the area planted with conilon coffee and pasture, during dry season

Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is considered to be the main pest of maize crops in Brazil. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) may be used to control this pest and exhibit different, unique abilities to search for their hosts. The movement of EPN in relation to S. frugiperda was evaluated. To test for horizontal movement, a styrofoam enclosure filled with sand was divided into segments, nematodes were placed at the entrance to the enclosure and a larva was placed at the end of each division. The same approach was used to evaluate vertical movement; however, PVC pipes were used in this case. In general, the mortality was inversely proportional to the initial distance between host and nematodes. In the vertical displacement test, both nematodes were able to kill the larvae up to a distance of 25 cm. Therefore, the infective juveniles of H. amazonensis and S. arenarium can search out, infect and kill larvae of S. frugiperda at distances of up to 60 cm and 25 cm of horizontal and vertical displacement, respectively.

Mycotretus apicalis es un erotilído comúnmente encontrado en cultivos de Pleurotus sajor-caju, al sur del Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, y podría ser una plaga. El ciclo de vida es estudiado por primera vez, teniendo como recurso alimenticio y substrato de oviposición al hongo P. sajor-caju seco. M. apicalis tiene un tiempo promedio de una generación de tres semanas y el periodo huevo-adulto fue, aproximadamente, 22 días, con cuatro instares larvales y la longevidad promedio del adulto de 89,7±32,89 días. Esos resultados demuestran que la especie M. apicalis posee alta tasa de aumento poblacional, indicando gran potencial como insecto plaga.

Mycotretus apicalis is an erotylid beetle that is commonly found in cultivations Pleurotus sajor-caju in Minas Gerais, Brazil and could potentially be a pest. The life cycle is studied for the first time by laboratory rearing using dried P. sajor-caju mushrooms as both a feeding resource and an oviposition substrate. M. apicalis species has a generation time of about three weeks, with the egg-adult period was about 22 days, four larval instars, and the average longevity for adults of 89.7 ± 32.89 days. These results suggest that the M. apicalis has a potentially high rate of population increase, indicating its great potential to be a pest insect.